Identification versus anonymisation from an embedded client operating on a blockchain

The first worldwide deployment of a blockchain dates back to 2010 with Bitcoin, which introduced a completely digital monetary system and a crypto-currency, bitcoin. Within Bitcoin, all transactions are publicly accessible and traceable, which should generate trust between stakeholders. However, the traceability of transactions, and ultimately of the crypto-currency, does not imply the traceability of users authenticated by an account address, or more precisely by a set of account addresses that are independent of each other. In this context, it can be complex to trace the individuals or legal entities owning the crypto-currency. Crypto-currency is not the only use case supported by blockchain technology. The deployment of Ethereum in 2014, based on the use of smart contracts, opened up many other uses, in particular the protection of identifying data. In this area, the need for traceability versus furtivity can vary greatly from one use case to another. For example, on a blockchain that records the access of a worker owning an employment certificate to an industrial site, no information enabling the worker to be identified or his activity to be traced should appear. On the other hand, in the case of data collected by IoT sensors and processed by remote Edge devices, traceability of data and processing is desirable. The thesis proposes to study different techniques for tracing digital assets on a blockchain, for stealthing their owners, and offering the possibility of auditing and identification by an authorised body. The aim is to build embedded devices, Edge or personal possibly embedding artificial intelligence, secured by hardware components, integrating different cryptographic solutions and account, data or identity wallet structures to meet the needs of the different use cases envisaged.