Software vulnerabilities due to memory management errors are among the easiest to exploit. To prevent an attacker from injecting its own arbitrary code (shellcode), modern systems commonly enforce a Data Execution Prevention (DEP), often implemented as segment permissions (Write xor Execute – W^E). Yet, Code-Reuse Attacks have emerged to circumvent the DEP protections. Thanks to...

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This thesis is part of the activities of the Digital Instrumentation Department (DIN) in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), and aims to design a new, fast and advanced 3D ultrasound imaging method using matrix arrays. The aim will be to produce three-dimensional ultrasound images of the internal volume of a structure that may contain defects (e.g. cracks),...

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High throughput screening, which has been used for many years in the pharmaceutical field, is emerging as an effective method for accelerating materials discovery and as a new tool for elucidating composition-structure-functional property relationships. It is based on the rapid combinatorial synthesis of a large number of samples of different compositions, combined with rapid and...

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Providing assurances that autonomous systems will operate in a safe and secure manner is a prerequisite for their deployment in mission-critical and safety-critical application domains. Typically, assurances are provided in the form of assurance cases, which are auditable and reasoned arguments that a high-level claim (usually concerning safety or other critical properties) is satisfied given...

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With a strong context of regulation of AI at the European scale, several requirements have been proposed for the quot;cybersecurity of AIquot; and more particularly to increase the security of complex modern AI systems. Indeed, we are experience an impressive development of large models (so-called “Foundation” models) that are deployed at large-scale to be adapted...

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Antenna radiation control in terms of shape and polarization is a key element for future communication systems. Directive compact antennas offer new opportunities for wireless applications in terms of spatial selectivity and filtering. This leads to a reduction in electromagnetic pollution by mitigating interferences with other communication systems and reducing battery consumption in compact smart...

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In light of the growing demand for transmission capacity in communication networks, it is essential to explore innovative techniques that enhance spectral efficiency while maintaining the reliability and security of transmission links. This project proposes a comprehensive theoretical modeling of Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) systems, accompanied by simulations and numerical analyses to evaluate their performance in various...

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With the rapid evolution of technologies and the growing challenges of miniaturization and resource management, power converters are facing ever more stringent performance requirements. To meet these needs, the use of wide-bandgap semiconductors such as SiC (silicon carbide) and GaN (gallium nitride) is becoming increasingly common. These materials significantly increase the switching speed of converters,...

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The cybersecurity of our infrastructures is at the very heart in the digital transition on-going, and security must be ensured throughout the entire chain. At the root of trust lies the hardware, integrated circuits providing essential functions for the integrity, confidentiality and availability of processed information. But hardware is vulnerable to physical attacks, and defence...

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Semantic communications is an emerging and transformative research area, where the focus shifts from transmitting raw data to conveying meaningful information. While initial models and design solutions have laid foundational principles, they often rest on strong assumptions regarding the extraction, representation, and interpretation of semantic content. The advent of 6G networks introduces new challenges, particularly...

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In order to increase the power of electronic systems, a common approach is to parallelize components within modules. However, this parallelization is complicated by the dispersion of transistor parameters, both initial and post-aging. Fast switching of Wide Bandgap (WBG) semiconductors components often requires slowdowns to avoid over-oscillation and destruction. An intelligent driving scheme, including adjusted...

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The first worldwide deployment of a blockchain dates back to 2010 with Bitcoin, which introduced a completely digital monetary system and a crypto-currency, bitcoin. Within Bitcoin, all transactions are publicly accessible and traceable, which should generate trust between stakeholders. However, the traceability of transactions, and ultimately of the crypto-currency, does not imply the traceability of...

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The blockchain is based on a consensus protocol, the aim of which is to share and replicate ordered data between peers in a distributed network. The protocol stack, embedded in the network's peer devices, relies on a proof mechanism that certifies the timestamp and ensures a degree of fairness within the network. The consensus protocols...

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This PhD research project focuses on pioneering foundational theories in semantic communications, specifically by advancing the compositional learning and reasoning capabilities of AI agents within multi-agent environments. The goal is to enable AI-driven systems to selectively extract, interpret, and exchange semantically meaningful information in a goal-oriented and context-sensitive manner, moving beyond traditional data-oriented communications. Integrated...

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The rise of machine learning models for processing sensor data has led to the development of Edge-AI, which aims to perform these data processing tasks locally, directly at the sensor level. This approach reduces the amount of data transmitted and eases the load on centralized computing centers, providing a solution to decrease the overall energy...

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Silicon-based spin qubits in CMOS structures stand out for their compatibility with semiconductor technologies and their scalability potential. However, impurities and defects introduced during fabrication lead to noise and instability, which affect their performance. The objective is to characterize devices fabricated at CEA-Leti, from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures, to evaluate their quality and understand...

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Neural Networks (NNs) are inspired by the brain’s computational and communication processes to efficiently address tasks such as data analytics, real time adaptive signal processing, and biological system modelling. However, hardware limitations are currently the primary obstacle to widespread adoption. To address this, a new type of circuit architecture called quot;neuromorphic circuitquot; is emerging. These...

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In the last decade, sensor systems using Rydberg atoms have been seen as a breakthrough solution to the problems of receiving radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. The characteristics of this type of receiver are promising: extreme sensitivity, very wide bandwidth, miniature size independent of wavelength and no coupling to the immediate environment. All these advantages...

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Sepsis is among the main cause of death across the world, and is caused by severe bacterial infection but can also originate from viruses, fungi or even parasites. In order to drastically increase survival rates, a rapid diagnostic and appropriate treatment is of paramount importance. The commercially available tools for nucleic acid detection by qPCR...

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The culture of adherent cells on microcarriers (MCs) is a promising approach for various bioproduction applications, such as drug manufacturing and delivery, regenerative medicine, and tracking of cellular differentiation. However, the analysis of single cell morphology and behavior without affecting the substrate integrity remains a major challenge. Lens-free holographic imaging is emerging as a promising...

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Side-channel attacks, such as analyzing a processorapos;s electrical consumption or electromagnetic emissions, allow for the recovery of sensitive information, including cryptographic keys. These attacks are particularly effective and pose a serious threat to the security of embedded systems. This thesis focuses on combining low-impact software countermeasures to strengthen security against side-channel attacks, an idea that...

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Next-generation wireless networks envision an unprecedented densification and an efficient use of the frequency spectrum in the near-millimeter-wave range (17-31 GHz). This context poses an urgent need for disruptive solutions enabling the minimization of the number of transceivers and their individual power consumption. Pioneering works have recently shown that a periodic temporal and spatial modulation...

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The Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM) is developing a new transfer instrument named the quot;Extension of the International Reference Systemquot; (ESIR), based on the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method of liquid scintillation counting with a specific instrumentation comprising three photomultipliers. The aim is to enable international comparisons of pure beta radionuclides, certain radionuclides...

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In the context of industrial digitalization and real-time monitoring, accessing 3D fields (velocity, viscosity, turbulence, concentration, etc.) in real time can be crucial, as local sensor networks are sometimes insufficient to provide a comprehensive view of the systemapos;s dynamics. This PhD project aims to investigate a methodology for the real-time reconstruction of fields within an...

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This thesis will explore the use of implanted brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for motor rehabilitation in stroke patients. The project leverages Clinatecapos;s WIMAGINE technology, which measures brain activity through electrocorticography (ECoG) to accurately decode patientsapos; motor intentions. Integrating this technology into a rehabilitation protocol is expected to enhance residual motor abilities through neural plasticity. In this...

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