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phD
Dynamic Assurance Cases for Autonomous Adaptive Systems
Providing assurances that autonomous systems will operate in a safe and secure manner is a prerequisite for their deployment in mission-critical and safety-critical application domains. Typically, assurances are provided in the form of assurance cases, which are auditable and reasoned arguments that a high-level claim (usually concerning safety or other critical properties) is satisfied given...
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phD
Integrity, availability and confidentiality of embedded AI in post-training stages
With a strong context of regulation of AI at the European scale, several requirements have been proposed for the quot;cybersecurity of AIquot; and more particularly to increase the security of complex modern AI systems. Indeed, we are experience an impressive development of large models (so-called “Foundation” models) that are deployed at large-scale to be adapted...
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phD
Laser Fault Injection Physical Modelling in FD-SOI technologies: toward security at standard cells level on FD-SOI 10 nm node
The cybersecurity of our infrastructures is at the very heart in the digital transition on-going, and security must be ensured throughout the entire chain. At the root of trust lies the hardware, integrated circuits providing essential functions for the integrity, confidentiality and availability of processed information. But hardware is vulnerable to physical attacks, and defence...
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phD
Identification versus anonymisation from an embedded client operating on a blockchain
The first worldwide deployment of a blockchain dates back to 2010 with Bitcoin, which introduced a completely digital monetary system and a crypto-currency, bitcoin. Within Bitcoin, all transactions are publicly accessible and traceable, which should generate trust between stakeholders. However, the traceability of transactions, and ultimately of the crypto-currency, does not imply the traceability of...
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phD
Embedded local blockchain on secure physical devices
The blockchain is based on a consensus protocol, the aim of which is to share and replicate ordered data between peers in a distributed network. The protocol stack, embedded in the network's peer devices, relies on a proof mechanism that certifies the timestamp and ensures a degree of fairness within the network. The consensus protocols...
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phD
eBeam Probing
The design of integrated circuits requires, at the end of the chain, circuit editing and failure analysis tools. One of these tools is the probing of electrical potential levels using an electron beam available in a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to determine the electrical signal present in an area of the circuit, which may be...
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phD
Combining over and underapproximation of memory abstractions for low-level code analysis
Riceapos;s theorem stating that no method can automatically tell whether a property of a program is true or not has led to the separation of verification tools into two groups: sound tools operating by over-approximation, such as abstract interpretation, are able to automatically prove that certain properties are true, but are sometimes unable to conclude...
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phD
Cryptographic security of RISC-V processor enclaves with CHERI
CHERI (Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions) is a solution for securing the processor against spatial and temporal memory leaks by transforming any pointer into a capability that clearly defines the access limits to the data or instructions addressed. In this thesis, we propose to enrich CHERI and its control-flow integrity capabilities on a RISC-V application...
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phD
New machine learning methods applied to side-channel attacks
Products secured by embedded cryptographic mechanisms may be vulnerable to side-channel attacks. Such attacks are based on the observation of some physique quantities measured during the device activity, whose variation may provoke information leakage and lead to a security flaw. Today, such attacks are improved, even in presence of specific countermeasures, by deep learning based...
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phD
HW/SW Contracts for Security Analysis Against Fault Injection Attacks on Open-source Processors
This thesis focuses on the cybersecurity of embedded systems, particularly the vulnerability of processors and programs to fault injection attacks. These attacks disrupt the normal functioning of systems, allowing attackers to exploit weaknesses to access sensitive information. Although formal methods have been developed to analyze the robustness of systems, they often limit their analyses to...
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phD
Defense of scene analysis models against adversarial attacks
In many applications, scene analysis modules such as object detection and recognition, or pose recognition, are required. Deep neural networks are nowadays among the most efficient models to perform a large number of vision tasks, sometimes simultaneously in case of multitask learning. However, it has been shown that they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks: Indeed,...
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phD
Acoustics and Electromagnetism (AEM): New approaches for the secure characterization of components such as the SoCs
Work carried out within CEA-Leti has shown that physical attacks can be a threat to the security mechanisms of SoCs (System on Chips). Indeed, fault injections by electromagnetic disturbance have already led to an escalation of privileges by authenticating with an illegitimate password, or more recently have made it possible to bypass one of the...
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phD
Laser Fault Injection Applied to Reverse Engineering of Memories
Memories play a critical role for the security of cyber-physical systems. They manage sensitive data such as cryptographic keys and proprietary codes. With the increasing threat of hardware attacks, understanding and manipulating memory organization has become essential. The thesis aims to explore the application of laser attack techniques, specifically Thermal Laser Stimulation (TLS) and laser...
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phD
Secure and Agile Hardware/Software Implementation of new Post-Quantum Cryptography Digital Signature Algorithms
Cryptography plays a fundamental role in securing modern communication systems by ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Public-key cryptography, in particular, has become indispensable for secure data exchange and authentication processes. However, the advent of quantum computing poses an existential threat to many of the traditional public-key cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA, DSA, and ECC, which...
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phD
Adaptive and explainable Video Anomaly Detection
Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to automatically identify unusual events in video that deviate from normal patterns. Existing methods often rely on One-Class or Weakly Supervised learning: the former uses only normal data for training, while the latter leverages video-level labels. Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved both...
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phD
Grounding and reasoning over space and time in Vision-Language Models (VLM)
Recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like BLIP, LLaVA, and Qwen-VL have achieved impressive results in multimodal tasks but still face limitations in true spatial and temporal reasoning. Many current benchmarks conflate visual reasoning with general knowledge and involve shallow reasoning tasks. Furthermore, these models often struggle with understanding complex spatial relations and dynamic scenes due to...
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phD
Physics informed deep learning for non-destructive testing
This PhD project lies within the field of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), which encompasses a range of techniques used to detect defects in structures (cables, materials, components) without causing any damage. Diagnostics rely on physical measurements (e.g., reflectometry, ultrasound), whose interpretation requires solving inverse problems, which are often ill-posed. Classical approaches based on iterative algorithms are...
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phD
AI Enhanced MBSE framework for joint safety and security analysis of critical systems
Critical systems must simultaneously meet the requirements of both Safety (preventing unintentional failures that could lead to damage) and Security (protecting against malicious attacks). Traditionally, these two areas are treated separately, whereas they are interdependent: An attack (Security) can trigger a failure (Safety), and a functional flaw can be exploited as an attack vector. MBSE...
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phD
Robust and Secure Federated Learning
Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing their raw data. While this decentralized setup is appealing for privacy-sensitive domains like healthcare and finance, it is not inherently secure: model updates can leak private information, and malicious clients can corrupt training. To tackle these challenges, two main strategies are...
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phD
Towards Reliable and Autonomous Workflow Coordination in Agentic AI-Based Systems
The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and agentic AI systems is transforming how complex workflows are designed and managed. Unlike traditional centralized orchestration, modern workflows must support distributed, autonomous agents operating across cloud, edge, and on-premise environments. These agents collaborate with humans and other systems, adapt to evolving goals, and cross organizational and trust...
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phD
GenPhi : 3D Generative AI conditioned by geometry, structure and physics
The aim of this thesis is to design new 3D model generators based on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), capable of producing faithful, coherent and physically viable shapes. While 3D generation has become essential in many fields, current automatic generation approaches suffer from limitations in terms of respecting geometric, structural and physical constraints. The goal is...
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phD
Bridging the embedding gap between expressive specification and efficient verification of machine learning
Formal verification of neural networks is facing a double-faceted issue. The expressiveness of specifications (as in: compact and close to human understanding) is apparently clashing with their efficient translation to state-of-the-art prover, who only support a fragment of arithmetic without quantifiers. This thesis will investigate quot;globalquot; properties. Such class of properties describe generic behaviours of...
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