Fuzzing is an automatic test generation technique. It consists in repeatedly executing a program with automatically generated inputs, in order to trigger crashes, symptoms of underlying bugs in the code, which can then be fixed. A major challenge in this area is moving from indiscriminate exploration of how programs work to artful guidance towards the...

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This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scenario-based testing as a comprehensive and robust approach for evaluating ASsapos; performance while enhancing their safety and reliability with respect to regulations and standards. The primary objective of this thesis will be to investigate the benefits of scenario-based testing for automated systems and its compliance with regulations...

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The thesis work is part of the activities of CEA-List department dedicated to Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), and aims to study simulation-based inversion methods to characterise defects from ultrasonic images, such as TFM (Total Focusing Method) or PWI (Plane Wave Imaging) images. The inversion methodology will rely on machine learning algorithms and numerical training databases generated...

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To address environmental concerns in the microelectronics industry, CEA-LETI is committed to an eco-innovation approach [1]. In this context, the development of eco-responsible processes that reduce PerFluoro-Carbon (PFC) emissions is crucial [2]. Plasma etching processes are a major emitter of PFCs because they traditionally use high GWP gases. The aim of this thesis will be...

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Since 1960, CEA-LETI (laboratory of electronics and information technology) is a driver of French innovation in new technologies domain. Its diverse entities bridge fundamental research and industrial outcomes. One of them, DPFT (department of technological platform) leverages innovation and maturation of new processes for next-generation electronics with its pre-industrial environment grouping together manufacturing and characterization...

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The development of mobile manipulators capable of adapting to new conditions is a major step forward in the development of new means of production, whether for industrial or agricultural applications. Such technologies enable repetitive tasks to be carried out with precision and without the constraints of limited workspace. Nevertheless, the efficiency of such robots depends...

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The new concepts offered by “spinorbitronics” make it possible to envisage more frugal electronics. In particular, for writing a magnetic memory (MRAM), a new concept of magnetization reversal by a spin-orbit couple is emerging. Its principle permits a significant decrease in memory writing energy and enhanced endurance. Its operation is based on the conversion of...

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Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging is the current reference method for quality control in the microelectronic industry, due to the size of the objects involved and to the yield expected when these tools are used in production lines. In order to improve our knowledge on physics in play during imaging and to develop more performant...

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Spin qubits in semiconductors quantum dots offer a fast scaling perspective of quantum processors by leveraging the manufacturing techniques of the microelectronics industry. To explore this approach, industrial research teams implemented qubits directly on their existing routes (e.g. FDSOI at CEA-Leti or FinFET at Intel). However, these devices suffer from an important electrostatic disorder stemming...

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Global demand on semiconductor solutions (device, circuit, system) has skyrocketed during the last few years, especially in reliation with COVID worldwide crisis. This industry has revealed its significance in the present world has well as its weaknesses. The European council decided to launch an ambisious program called apos;Chip Actapos; to develop a solid semiconductor european...

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Improving the resolution of MEMS sensors always means increasing the cost of the component (surface area) or his electronics (complexity and power consumption). In view of the current challenges of energy sobriety, it is essential to explore new disruptive ways to reduce the impact of high-performance sensors. Chaos is a deterministic phenomenon exponentially sensitive to...

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The general context of this thesis is the cyber-security of embedded systems. The research background of this thesis is tied to the automatic application of counter-measures against the so-called physical attacks, which encompass observation attacks (side-channel attacks) and perturbation attacks (fault-injection attacks). The CEA List is working on COGITO, a compiler toolchain based on LLVM...

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Because program analysis is an undecidable problem, static analyzes fall into 2 categories: - Sound analyses, which calculate an over-approximation of all the programapos;s behaviors, and make it possible to verify the absence of errors. - Complete analyses, which calculate an under-approximation of the possible behaviors of the program, and allow errors to be found....

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CEA Leti offers a PhD topic to develop new electronically scanning antennas for efficient data transmission in satellite communications (Satcom). Novel efficient electronically scanning antennas are essential for future satellite communications (Satcom). Electronically reconfigurable flat lens antennas, also known as transmitarrays, are a promising architecture to achieve high scanning performance. Each element of the flat...

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In order to take advantage of Wide band gap components (GaN and SiC), it has been demonstrated that it is necessary to reduce the parasitic elements in the switching cells and therefore in the power modules. The 'trivial' solution is to make the power modules more compact to solve this problem of parasitic elements. However,...

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A robust and high quality metallization of 3D ceramic substrates is a key element of the success of this project and a necessity for a future industrial development of the research work that will be carried out during these two theses. The work in progress on the material platform of the CEA of Toulouse already...

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A new research direction has emerged that consists in the design of cryogenics integrated circuits (cryo-CMOS) to address the needs of many scientific experiments in astronomy, in physics of particles or in quantum physics. Nevertheless, the power consumption of such solutions is still high and prevent their use in applications that necessitate the conditioning of...

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This PhD project aims at advancing the field of image sensor security through a comprehensive exploration of recent deep learning techniques applied to both robust and fragile invisible watermarking. In the specific context of embedded image rendering pipelines, this study aims to address the dual challenges of ensuring resistance against intentional attacks to break the...

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Would you like to play a part in the future of optical transmission for high-speed communications? This PhD will play a key role, focusing on performance and energy efficiency, with a particular focus on encouraging the emergence of optical solutions with low carbon costs and low dependence on rare materials. The field of non-coherent optical...

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The concentration of biomarkers and pathogens in biological samples is generally limited by the preparation of these samples after their collection. In addition, their detection, when based on an antibody-antigen capture reaction, can be difficult to optimize within biosensors. If the approach which consists of functionalizing a wall to capture molecules or particles flowing in...

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Do you feel concerned by environmental pollution issues? This research will enable optimal deployment of mobile sensors for monitoring air quality in urban environments. Complex urban geometries [1] and dynamic pollutant dispersion scenarios are the scientific challenges to be met in order to better estimate local air pollution, identify sources and anticipate exposure peaks. Our...

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Direct bonding consists of bringing sufficiently smooth and clean surfaces into contact, in order to create adhesion between them without adding any external material. This technology presents many advantages for the production of stacked structures for microelectronics and micro-technologies and has given rise to numerous innovations (manufacturing of SOI by SmartCutTM, manufacturing of SmartSiCTM, production...

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This thesis concerns the field of HgCdTe infrared detectors for astrophysical applications, for which the Infrared Laboratory of CEA -Leti is one of the world leaders. The candidate will join the infrared laboratory, which includes the entire detector production process. As a participant in all discussions on the development of CdHgTe samples, he will produce...

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The development of quantum technologies represents a major challenge for the future of our society, in particular to build unhackable communications as well as quantum computers offering computing power well beyond that available with current supercomputers. Photonic quantum bits (or qubits), in the form of single photons, are robust against quantum decoherence and are therefore...

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Fuzzing is a dynamic testing technique that enables vulnerabilities to be discovered very efficiently. Hundreds or even thousands of vulnerabilities are detected (and repaired) every year in the software we use. When we try to transpose the fuzzing approach to embedded systems, we are faced with a number of problems: the source code is not...

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Photobiomodulation consists in using light, in the visible/near infrared range, to treat or slow down the evolution of a pathology. In the case of Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease without any curative treatment so far, the brain region responsible for symptoms is located in the midbrain area, deep in the brain, which requires neurosurgery to...

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A new way of considering epitaxy has recently appeared thanks to the development of 2D materials. Whereas conventional epitaxy involving covalent bonds is limited in particular to a lattice parameter matching between the substrate and the epitaxial membrane, it appears that this constraint can be significantly released if the epitaxial growth is done by van...

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Chalcogenide materials (PCM, OTS, NL, TE, FESO, etc.) are the basis of the most innovative concepts in microelectronics, from PCM memories to the new neuromorphic and spinorbitronic devices (FESO, SOT-RAM, etc.). Part of their operation relies on out-of-equilibrium physics induced by the electronic excitation resulting from the application of an intense electric field. The aim...

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This thesis project focuses on the development of innovative micro-laser sources by combining III-V Quantum Cascade materials with Silicon Photonic Crystals. By integrating these advanced technologies, we aim to create hybrid lasers emitting in the middle infrared. This approach has significant advantages for medium-infrared spectrometry (MIR), a crucial technique for the chemical detection of gaseous,...

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Gravitational waves were predicted by the theory of general relativity, they are created in the universe by extreme cosmic events. Their measurement on earth in large instruments such as VIRGO in Italy is a challenge in terms of measurement sensitivity. These instruments are large interferometers (several kilometers), and the entire optical chain must minimize noise...

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The advantageous properties (electro-optical, - acoustic, -mechanical) of new materials such as Sc-doped ALN, LNO, LTO or KNN make them essential to meet the development needs of integrated optics, RF telecommunication and microsystems. The production of patterns with submicron dimensions with a significant etch rate (gt;100nm/min), a vertical profile and a reduced roughness of the...

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Since the late 2000s with the advent of 45nm CMOS nodes, the control of critical dimensions (CD) of the structures in the photolithography stage has become critical to the reliability of printed circuit boards. Optical photolithography remains the most economical and widespread technique for high volume production in the semiconductor industry. For this type of...

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Developement of new technologic nodes involves both a pattern dimension shrink and a pattern density increase. For the last years, development of multi-Patterning strategies with in particular Spacer Patterning (also called SADP) has signifcantly increased. This approach is based on a sacrificial pattern on which a material is depsosited with a conformal configuration to be...

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This thesis concerns the field of cooled infrared detectors used for astrophysical applications. In this field, the DPFT/SMTP (Infrared Laboratory) of CEA-LETI-MINATEC works closely with Lynred, a world leader in the production of high-performance infrared focal planes. In this context, the infrared laboratory is developing new generations of infrared detectors to meet the needs of...

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TeraHertz (THz) radiation is of growing interest for imaging and spectroscopy in various application fields such as safety, health, environment and industrial control, since in this frequency range many dielectric materials are transparent and many molecules present unique spectral signatures for their identification. However, the limitations of the current sources, required for this active Imaging,...

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The proposed thesis falls into the framework of designing innovative methods in the materials characterization. The thesis aims to develop a new tomographic technique for characterizing microstructures using bulk laser ultrasound. In the state of the art, acoustic methods such as the scanning acoustic microscope and surface wave optoacoustic spectroscopy lead to grain imaging but...

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Schedule-driven Non-Destructive Evaluations (NDE) are carried out during structure/equipment’ life to detect major degradations endangering safety and impairing service availability. In addition to NDE, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) involves the use of in-situ Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing systems and algorithms to evaluate structure worthiness. FBGs are mostly used as strain/temperature sensors but are also...

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Particle propagation through matter by Monte Carlo method (MC) is known for its accuracy but is sometimes limited in its applications due to its cost in computing resources and time. This limitation is all the more important for dose calculation in radiotherapy since a specific configuration for each patient must be simulated, which hinders its...

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Chalcogenide glasses are materials of interest for many applications: in phase-change memories, for example optical storage (CD-RW, DVD-RAM, Blu-ray Disks) or more recently Storage Class Memory, as a selector in 3D architecture resistive memories (OTS selector) or as an active medium for non-linear optics and reconfigurable photonics. In the latter case, the production of metasurfaces...

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Context: There is a need for very highly-doped semiconductor specimens for the continued development of Si/Ge CMOS devices and for doping III-V materials where the ionisation energy leads to a low concentration of carriers. In order to provide these highly doped specimens, new growth and implantion methods are required. These need to be better understood...

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The use of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements for assessing the structural health of magnetic materials has become an important industrial technique the last years. The interest in the application of this technique stems from the strong dependence of the MBN signals on the material microstructure as well as its stress level and its chemical...

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Integrated silicon photonics, which consists of using manufacturing processes from the microelectronics industry to produce photonic components, is considered a critical future technology for very high-speed communications and computing applications. The creation of silicon photonics devices requires the manipulation of fully curved designs (so-called non-Manhattan). This gives rise to numerous challenges during their manufacturing, and...

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The subject of the thesis is the development of a fluorescence light-sheet microscope for the optical characterization of organoids-on-chips and 3D organoids. The thesis will focus on the conception of a compact multi-color 3D system, to allow time-lapse imaging of multi-scattering 3D samples directly in a cell culture incubator. The work will begin with a...

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Proven or predictable shortages of materials and the necessary frugality associated with the energy transition create a constrained framework for the sustainable deployment of microelectronics and microsystems technologies. This thesis is thus part of an approach that aims to significantly reduce the environmental footprint of piezoelectric MEMS actuator/sensor technology. The latter is based on the...

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Metallic sintering, particularly silver-based or copper-based sintering, is a component interconnects technique alternative to soldering, used in particular in the field of power electronics. The main advantages of this technique are first of all its very high thermal and electrical conductivity, but also the fact that the sintered interconnection (with a process realized for example...

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With a strong context of regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the European scale, several requirements have been proposed for the quot;cybersecurity of AIquot;. Among the most important concepts related to the security of the machine learning models and the AI-based systems, quot;security-by-designquot; is mostly linked to model hardening approaches (e.g., adversarial training against evasion...

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X-rays is the most widely used medical imaging modality for the detection of pathologies, the monitoring of their evolution and during certain surgical procedures. The objective of this thesis is to study a new semiconductor material based on perovskites for direct X-ray detection. Their use in the form of photoconductive devices in matrix imagers should...

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In the era of booming digitalization, our reliance on energy-hungry digital systems continues to surge. This voracious development, coupled with the threat of global warming, necessitates innovative solutions. Approximate Computing (AxC) is a design technique offering an attractive trade-off between computation errors and substantial energy reduction. This PhD proposal aims to push AxC to new...

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The Cloud Computing paradigm has brought a new way of building application systems by strongly decoupling applications and the platforms on which they operate. This is particularly thanks to virtualization techniques (virtual machines, containers, and soon WASM) and the associated orchestration technologies (OpenStack, Kubernetes, and CloudWASM), which make it possible to port, deploy, and manage...

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Join our dynamic research team at CEA-List within the DSCIN division for a PhD opportunity in the field of hardware security and formal analysis of processor micro-architectures. The focus of this research is the formalization and analysis of countermeasures against fault injection attacks on open-source processors. Operating at the cutting edge of cyber-security for embedded...

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Quantum algorithms capable of demonstrating a quantum advantage will require the use of quantum processors (QPU) with several thousands of qubits. The design of such a quantum computer is a multidisciplinary challenge at the heart of quantum engineering. Control electronics face particular constraints related to the cryogenic temperature at which qubits operate. Leveraging its expertise...

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The goal of this PhD subject is to study the capabilities of laser fault injection to extract cryptographic secret or to by-pass security mechanisms. This study will focus on System-on-Chip targets. First, the PhD student will explore new methods to optimize laser fault injection on System-on-Chip. The next topic that will be addressed by the...

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Error correction coding (ECC) has an essential role in ensuring integrity of data in numerous applications, including data storage, transmission, and networking. Over the last few years, new interactions emerged between coding theory and machine learning, seen as a promising way to overcome the limitations of existing ECC solutions at short to medium code-lengths. For...

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Nowadays, we have four FHE cryptosystems, namely TFHE, BFV/BGV and CKKS, which are becoming a kind of standards for FHE use in practice. However, each of these schemes suffer from some kind of limitations of their own. Some allow for computations over large plaintexts, while some allow for unbounded number of operations. In some schemes...

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Emerging technologies in the field of X-ray sources and detectors open up possibilities for envisioning new breakthrough systems in 3D imaging. In conventional tomography, a large-area detector captures images of an object exposed to X-rays from a point source. The latest generations of medical scanners also incorporate spectrometric semiconductor detectors, providing a real improvement in...

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The development of 10 nm FDSOI (Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator) technology leads to new constraints on the architecture of transistors. The gate width (10 nm) requires a specific integration of the gate that controls the threshold voltage. The variability of the threshold voltage depends on the concentration, spatial distribution and chemical nature of dopants...

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Work carried out within the CEA-Leti has shown that physical attacks can be a threat to the security mechanisms of SoCs (System-On-Chips). Indeed, fault injections by electromagnetic disturbance have already led to an elevation of privileges by authenticating with an illegitimate password, or more recently have made it possible to circumvent one of the highest...

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Fiber Bragg Gratings are structures, photo-inscribed with femtosecond laser, inside the fiber core and can be used as band pass optical filters (centered around the Bragg wavelength). Bragg wavelengths are easily multiplexed and they give to us the necessary information. Silica-based fiber Bragg gratings are point sensors and can measure temperature up to 1200°C. For...

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Worldwide demand for digital interconnections is driven both by increasing data exchanges and by an increasing number of human and non-human users. Optical communications are commonly used to answer this demand, exploiting the network of optical fibers deployed to interconnect data centers and users alike. The data streams across this planet-scale infrastructure are routed at...

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Low-resolution plenoptics is becoming widespread in visible imagers for applications such as autofocus, image post-processing and sometimes depth estimation. Its principle is based on the association of three main constitutive elements, a pixels-sized microlens array, a focal plane array of detectors and reconstruction algorithms. Through this thesis, we would like to evaluate the possibility of...

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This research is part of an effort to reduce the energy consumption and carbon footprint of future wireless systems by investigating innovative transmitter (TX) architectures with improved energy efficiency. Objective of the thesis is to elaborate a novel TX architecture for beyond 5G and 6G standards. Efficiency enhancement design techniques such as supply modulation or...

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CEA-LETI play a leading role in the development of the HgCdTe material, which now performs to such an extent that it is on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), enabling the observation and study of deep space with a precision unrivalled to date. However, we believe that it is still possible to take an...

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Research at CEA-Leti has highlighted the need for miniaturised antennas as a significant factor in promoting them to the scientific and industrial communities. Among the many types of antenna available, a number are designed to use materials that can be artificially manipulated to provide RF characteristics to the immediate surrounding environment (metamaterials). These materials can...

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GPS is widely used today for land, sea and air navigation. However, it has several disadvantages: it requires a very heavy infrastructure (constellation of 24 satellites in orbit), it does not work in an “indoor” or underwater environment and above all it can be jammed. This is why “magnetic” navigation, i.e. exploiting the earth’s magnetic...

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Our objective is to detect and locate drones entering an urban area to be protected by observing the signals emitted by cellular stations. Studies have shown that it is possible to locate a drone if it is close to the listening system and the cellular station (i.e. the base station). When the situation is more...

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In modern communications, and especially in IoT domain with massive deployment constraints, power consumption and cost are constantly push to lower limits. In same time, sustainable solutions are recently investigate for next IoT devices generations for eco-design approach and maintenance-free aspects saving costs. To improve communication efficiency without requiring active RF transmission, RFID technics could...

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Transmission security is a major concern in an increasingly connected world, where electronic devices play a central role in our daily lives. Rapid technological advances have led to a growing dependence on connected objects, from smartphones to medical devices to autonomous vehicles. This issue is also reflected in global geopolitics, with various attempts to intimidate...

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Time references (clocks) are components used in the majority of electronic circuits. CEA-Leti is a pioneer in the development of high-frequency/high-performance clocks using optomechanics, which combines two cutting-edge technologies: microelectromechanical resonators (MEMS) and silicon photonics. This breakthrough approach allows overcoming the constraints of current clock technologies. CEA-Leti has developed optomechanical components with state-of-the-art performance and...

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Images, and therefore the sensors that generate them, must respond to the challenges posed by their illicit use, either to divert their content through deep fakes, or for unauthorized access. The concept of trusted imagers responds to the need to ensure the security, authentication or encryption of images as soon as they are acquired. Based...

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Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator FDSOI CMOS technology has been demonstrated to be highly efficient for low power and low leakage applications such as mobile, internet of things or wearable. This is mainly due to the excellent electrostatic control in the transistor channel, a low variability and high application flexibility (owing to a great back-biasing...

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As part of the microelectronics growth plan, driven by the European directive France 2030, CEA Leti is acquiring new state-of-the-art tools and developing new technologies for future applications. The challenge is to develop several technological building blocks enabling the industrial transfer of microelectronic processes down to the 10nm technology node. Lithography is the most critical...

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This PhD work is part of sources calibration activities at the LNHB-MA and Ramp;D activities within the SIMRI aimed at developing neutron measurement systems for the CEA and the nuclear industry. The objective of the PhD work is to develop a new measurement system using neutron/gamma coincidences to enable the characterization of the (alpha,n)-type neutron...

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Semiconductor nitride-based LEDs have reached a high level of maturity due to their use in the field of lighting. While the internal electric field present in InGaN quantum wells does not limit the efficiency of blue LEDs, it does induce the confined quantum Stark effect (QCSE), which limits the bandwidth of the LEDs and thus...

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Nowadays, billions of digital data are exchanged in the world. Hence, Digital data transfer is a key technical issue within High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. They have to be very fast (faster and faster) and low power (lower and lower). Communication through Optic Fibers, well known for long distance communications, is also well suited for...

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The PhD thesis here proposed is in the field of channel propagation modeling for wireless communication and sensing systems. Over-the-air (OTA) radiated testing is conducted without the need for a radio frequency (RF) cable connection to the Device Under Test (DUT), ensuring that the DUT remains intact and unaltered during testing.quot; Efficient beamforming and management...

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The proposed PhD study focuses on the integration of sensing and communication (ISAC) functionalities in next-generation wireless networks. According to this new ISAC paradigm, communication networks should be “spatially aware”, i.e. capable of autonomously retrieving information regarding their operating context and/or physical environment, such as the positions/velocity of end-user terminals and non-connected objects, the room...

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The ever-increasing demand for data traffic pushes communication systems to upgrade, networks to densify and thus being more and more power-hungry. How to satisfy this need of high connectivity while limiting the carbon footprint of telecommunication systems? To this end, the combination of the rise in frequency into the upper spectrum (mmWave/sub-Thz) and hybrid (analog/digital)...

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Enhancing the efficiency of energy-conversion devices is a primary goal for numerous international organizations [1]. As a result, the power electronics and wide-band-gap materials industries require significant development effort to align with these objectives. Particularly, recent progress in silicon carbide (SiC) processing technologies [2]–[4] show that innovative substrate architectures have the potential to offer state-of-the...

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Embedded cryptography on smartcards can be vulnerable to side-channel attacks, based on the interpretation of the information retrieved during the execution of the algorithm. This information leak is generally measured at the hardware level thanks to a consumption signal or electromagnetic radiation. Many methods, based mainly on statistical tools, exist to exploit these signals and...

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An explosion in global data production is observed today, largely attributed to the emergence of 5G and the Internet of Things. Faced with the challenges of managing vast amounts of data and to avoid a significant increase in global electricity consumption due to data storage, it is necessary to develop efficient, energy-efficient, and dense non-volatile...

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The CESTI laboratory in Grenoble is responsible for the safety evaluation of products (commercial or prototype). or prototypes). A wide range of tests can be carried out as part of these evaluations, including those designed to observe the target's behavior when faults are injected into integrated circuits. Fault injection consists of perturbing the system by...

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Interstitial fluid (ISF) is the fluid that occupies the space between blood capillaries and cells. ISF consists mainly of water, salts, sugars, hormones, neurotransmitters, CO2 and fatty acids. It is particularly interesting as it is described as a filtrate of plasma, but more accessible than blood for continuous monitoring. Continuous monitoring of ISF is targeted,...

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The development of wearable medical devices is a fundamental and essential in order to promote ambulatory medicine. Exhaled gases as transcutaneous gases (gases that diffuse through the skin) are known to carry molecules (quot;biomarkersquot;) representative of pathologies or degradation of the physiological state, the ambulatory monitoring of which would be a real diagnostic and monitoring...

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The optimization of power modules is made complex by the parasitic elements of the circuits (inductances, capacitances, resistance) which, when subjected to switching of high currents and voltages with high speeds (di/dt, dV/dt ), cause overvoltages or current oscillations which can be damaging to the system and components (accelerated aging, early failures, breakdown, thermal runaway,...

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The integration of GaN (Gallium Nitride) components in power applications requires take into account the very fast switching speed of these transistors. Furthermore, if we wish switching currents of the order of several tens of amperes it is essential to bring them as close as possible the power element control circuit. This rapprochement can be...

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Fine-grained dexterous manipulation presents significant challenges for robots due to the need for precise object handling, coordination of contact forces, and utilization of visual observations. This research aims to address these challenges by investigating the integration of vision and kinesthetic sensors, sim2real techniques, and generalization through embodiment. The objective is to develop end-to-end algorithms and...

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Over the last decade, Deep NeuralNetworks (DNNs) have become a popular choice to implement Learning-Enabled Components LECs in automated systems thanks to their effectiveness in processing complex sensory inputs, and their powerful representation learning that surpasses the performance of traditional methods. Despite the remarkable progress in representation learning, DNNs should also represent the confidence in...

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Ab initio simulations with Density Functional Theory (DFT) are now routinely employed across scientific disciplines to unravel the intricate electronic characteristics and properties of materials at the atomic level. Over the past decade, deep learning has revolutionized multiple areas such as computer vision, natural language processing, healthcare diagnostics, and autonomous systems. The combination of these...

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Digital platforms enable the widespread dissemination of information, but their engagement-centric business models often promote the spread of ideologically homogeneous or controversial political content. These models can lead to the polarization of political opinions and impede the healthy functioning of democratic systems. The PhD will investigate innovative generative AI models devised for a deep understanding...

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In recent years, the CEA has set up an experimental high-throughput screening (HTS) activity for lithium battery materials, based on combinatorial synthesis by sputtering and various high-throughput characterisation techniques on large substrates (typically 4 inches). Optimisation of material compositions is traditionally carried out by analysing experimental designs. In the framework of this thesis, we propose...

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Since 2020, Neural Radiance Fields, or NeRFs, have been the focus of intense interest in the scientific community for their ability to implicitly reconstruct 3D and synthesize new points of view of a scene from a limited set of images. Recent scientific advances have drastically improved initial performance (reduction in data requirements, memory needs and...

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The simulation tools for digital architectures rely on various types of models with different levels of abstraction to meet the requirements of hardware/software co-design and co-validation. Among these models, higher-level ones enable rapid functional validation of software on target architectures. Developing these functional models often involves a manual process, which is both tedious and error-prone....

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Generative AI and large language models (LLMs), such Copilot and ChatGPT can complete code based on initial fragments written by a developer. They are integrated in software development environments such as VS code. Many papers analyse the advantages and limitations of these approaches for code generation, see for instance Besides some deficiencies, the produced code...

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Electronic systems have a significant environmental impact in terms of resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and electronic waste, all of which are experiencing a massive upward trend. A large part of the impact is due to production, and more particularly the manufacturing of integrated circuits, which is becoming more and more complex, energy-intensive and resource-intensive...

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Anomaly detection in mono and multi-variate time series highly depends on the context of the task. State-of-the-art approaches rely usually on two main approaches: first extensive data acquisition is sought to train artificial intelligence models such as auto-encoders, able to learn useful latent reprensations able to isolate abnormality from expected system behaviors; a second approach...

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Deploying artificial intelligence (AI) represents a major challenge. Over the last years, AI has developed using increasingly large neural networks and massive data processing. Today, the challenge is to adapt these methods to run on small embedded components and as close as possible to industrial solutions. The research question adressed here is how to make...

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Many models of complex phenomena (physics, molecular dynamics, etc.) have no global analytical expressions but admit implementations in silico in form of forward simulators. In turn, forward simulations are used to solve inverse problems: given observations of the phenomena find its initial conditions viewed as input parameters of the simulator. In statistical terms solving such...

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In a global context of task automation, artificial neural networks are currently used in many domains requiring the processing of data from sensors: vision, sound, vibration. Depending on different constraints, the information processing can be done on the Cloud (SIRI, AWS, TPU) or in an embedded way (NVidiaapos;s Jetson platform, Movidius, CEA-LISTapos;s PNeuro/DNeuro). In this...

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Standard deep learning methods are designed to use static data. This induces a significant practical limitation when they are deployed in dynamic environments and are confronted with unknown data. Continuous learning provides a solution to this problem, especially with the use of large, pre-trained models. However, deploying such models in stand-alone mode is currently impossible...

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Recent breakthroughs in models of AI are correlated with the energy burden required to define and run these models. GPUs are the goto hardware for these implementations, since they can perform configurable, highly parallelised and matrix multiplications using digital circuits. To go beyond the energy limits of GPUs however, it may be required to abandon...

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Quantum computing is believed to offer a future advantage in a variety of algorithms, including those challenging for traditional computers (e.g., Prime Factorization). However, in an era where Noisy Quantum Computers (QCs) are the norm, practical applications of QC would be centered around optimization approaches and energy efficiency rather than purely algorithmic performance. In this...

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The goal of this thesis is to study the phase change of Ge-rich GST with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using equivariant graph neural networks interatomic potentials (GNN-IP). The candidate will train a GNN-IP model on ab initio reference calculations of Ge-rich GST in order to describe amorphous and crystalline phases. The GNN-IP will be used...

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Smart Grids aim at monitoring and controlling electric power networks. Many parameters have to be monitored such as production and consumption units, and the integrity of the structure of the interconnection netwotk itself. Smart grids aim at enhancing the quality of service while protecting people and infrastructures. In this area of research, most algorithms are...

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Context: Lithium-based materials, whether thin layers or bulk material, are of great interest for varied applications (batteries, RF components…). However, their cohabitation with other “standard” materials for microelectronics requires special attention regarding dissemination in the clean room and a potential impact on electrical performances of devices. Indeed, as a precaution, these materials are “confined” on...

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Performing power analysis is a major step during digital architecture development. This power analysis is needed as soon as the RTL (Register Transfer Level) coding starts, when the most rewarding changes can be made. As designs get larger, power analysis relies on longer simulation traces and becomes almost impossible, as the process generates huge simulation...

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The proposed PROBIO-ES project falls within the scope of the priority defense theme « biologie, santé, NRBC », and in particular the sub-themes of protection and decontamination. Its aim is to develop self-decontaminating surfaces for a number of terrestrial and space applications. The project has been shortlisted by CNES for the award of a 1/2...

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Field-effect transistors employing 2D materials are emerging as promising candidates due to their superior mobility and atomic thinness. Nonetheless, this technology faces multiple challenges, including minimizing contact resistances, controlling variability, and optimizing short-channel transistors (lt; 10 nm). At CEA-Leti, a concerted experimental and computational effort is underway to address these issues and propel the development...

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In recent work [RTAS 2021], we have demonstrated the value of static analysis guided by an advanced dependent type system for the analysis of low-level system programs, going so far as to be able to automatically verify the absence of privilege escalation in an embedded operating system kernel as a consequence of the type-safety of...

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Communication networks are experiencing an exponential growth both in terms of deployment of network infrastructures (particularly observed in the gradual and sustained evolution towards 6G networks), but also in terms of machines, covering a wide range of devices ranging from Cloud servers to lightweight embedded IoT components (e.g. System on Chip: SoC), and including mobile...

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Clouds are constituted of servers interconnected via the Internet, on which systems can be implemented, making use of applications and databases deployed on the servers. Cloud-based computing is gaining in popularity, and that includes the context of critical systems. As a result, it is useful to define formal frameworks for reasoning about cloud-based systems. One...

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Neuromorphic networks for signal and information processing have acquired recently a renewed interest considering the more and more complex tasks that have to be solved automatically in current applications: speech recognition, dynamic image correlation, rapid decision processing integrating a plurality of information sources, behavior optimization, etc… Several types of neuromorphic networks do exist and, among...

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This thesis is an opportunity to participate in the development of future telecommunications systems in the 10-15 GHz band, in partnership with the best research centers in Europe working on the subject. Over the past 20 years, wireless communications systems have continued to evolve and offer new services. Today, such is their success that frequency...

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Photosynthetic microorganisms – microalgae and (cyano)bacteria – represent a biomass of interest for various applications: production of biofuels, bioremediation of liquid and/or gaseous effluents, production of bioplastic, food supplement, human or animal food, cosmetics,… Their ability to capture CO2 also makes them very promising for the circular carbon economy. To meet the needs of mass...

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The arrival on the market of a new generation of Imaging Radars 4D brings new opportunities and challenges for the development of data processing algorithms. These new sensors, geared towards the autonomous vehicle market, offer greater resolution thanks to a larger number of antennas. However, this implies an increase in the amount of data to...

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The aim of this thesis is to explore the execution of attention mechanisms for Artificial Intelligence directly within a cutting-edge Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technology. Attention mechanisms represent a breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms and represent the performance booster behind “Transformers” neural networks. Initially designed for natural language processing, such as ChatGPT, these mechanisms are...

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This thesis addresses the two major challenges facing Europe today in terms of integrating the communication systems of the future. The aim is to design RF integrated circuits using 22nm FDSOI technology in the frequency bands dedicated to 6G, which will not only increase data rates but also reduce the carbon footprint of telecoms networks....

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This thesis focuses on the transmission of power and data through metal walls using acoustic waves. This technology will eventually enable the powering, reading and control of systems placed in areas enclosed in metal: pressure vessels, ship hulls and submarines, etc. As electromagnetic waves are absorbed by metal, it is necessary to use acoustic waves...

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This project concerns the characterization and design of radiation-hardened non-volatile memory circuits based on HfO2 material. This material is immune to both natural (space) and artificial (man-made) radiation, and can be used to enhance the reliability of data storage in harsh environments. Whatapos;s more, when combined with FD-SOI CMOS technology, which also offers a certain...

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Since 2013, CEA List (Université Paris Saclay) has been developing phase contrast X-ray imaging methods, in particular using multi-lateral shearing interferometry. In addition to absorption information, the phase shift of X-rays provides additional contrast and sensitivity on the image, particularly for materials with low atomic numbers or low density. Various techniques have been developed to...

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With a strong context of regulation of AI at the European scale, several requirements have been proposed for the quot;cybersecurity of AIquot; and more particularly to increase the security of AI systems and not only the core ML models. This is important especially as we are experience an impressive development of large models that are...

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The last years have seen notable advances in quantum technologies, consolidating the development of basic requirements for the deployment of future quantum networks. Such networks are essential to distributed quantum information applications, and may serve various purposes, e.g., enabling the transmission of quantum states between physically distant parties, or improving the computational capabilities of quantum...

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The aim of this innovative project is to develop and validate the biological efficacy of new formulations including original and patented reactivators (CNRS/IRBA). These molecules present a large spectrum of action against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by Organophosphorus Neurotoxins (NOPs), hence the interest in developing centrally effective antidotes for nose-to-brain administration. The novel bilosome-based formulations designed...

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Thanks to synchronized virtual representation, digital twins are a means to produce analyses, predictions and optimizations of real-world systems. However, some of these systems tightly engage with humans so that the role of the latter is determining in the system’s operation. This is for example the case in contexts such as industry 5.0 or the...

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Providing assurances that autonomous systems will operate in a safe and secure manner is a prerequisite for their deployment in mission-critical and safety-critical application domains. Typically, assurances are provided in the form of assurance cases, which are auditable and reasoned arguments that a high-level claim (usually concerning safety or other critical properties) is satisfied given...

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High throughput screening, which has been used for many years in the pharmaceutical field, is emerging as an effective method for accelerating materials discovery and as a new tool for elucidating composition-structure-functional property relationships. It is based on the rapid combinatorial synthesis of a large number of samples of different compositions, combined with rapid and...

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The development and production of energy-efficient electronic components is a major challenge for the microelectronics sector. To answer such a challenge, CEA-Leti and CNRS-LTM does not only focus on building, making and testing new architecture. We also focus on developing greener process and investigating novative solutions to reduce the environmental impact. Precedent works on process...

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As part of the NextGen project and the European ChipACT to ensure the sovereignty and competitiveness of France and Europe in terms of electronic nano-components, CEA-LETI is launching the design of new FD-SOI chips. Already present daily in the automotive or connected object areas, 28-18nm FD-SOI transistors are produced in large volumes by microelectronics founders...

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Power Electronics systems aims at converting one shape of Energy into another. From very low power, such as USB power delivery (hundreds of watts) to high power, like electric vehicle drivetrain (hundreds of kW, power scale is large. Power Electronics systems are everywhere, this is why such systems must be optimized to be efficient, compact,...

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Reducing the size of electronic systems for micro-drones is crucial for decreasing their weight, extending their battery life, and enhancing their maneuverability. This doctoral project aims to explore innovative solutions for energy management in integrated circuits designed for high-voltage actuation of micro-motors for very small drones (weighing about one gram and measuring a few mm³)....

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The interaction of waves with matter is highly dependent on the frequency of these waves and the scale of their wavelengths in relation to the properties of the medium under consideration. In the context of ultrasound imaging applications, particularly concerning metals, the scales considered are generally on the order of a millimeter (ranging from a...

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The main objective of the thesis is to provide reliable support to the processing of front-end materials for advanced FD-SOI technologies. To achieve this, methodologies for elemental quantification focused on the use of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) will be developed and validated through a collaborative framework at multiple levels, both internal and industrial. These...

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As part of CEA-LETI's Devices for Memory and Computation Laboratory (LDMC), you will be working on the development and optimization of FeFET transistors with amorphous oxide semiconductor channels for neuromorphic applications and near-memory computing. The main challenge when co-integrating semiconductor and ferroelectric oxides is to perfectly assess and control a proper amount of oxygen vacancies,...

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The research focuses on the 3D localization of data from measurements inside buildings, where satellite location systems, such as GPS, are not operational. Different solutions exist in the literature, they rely in particular on the use of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) algorithms, but the 3D reconstruction is generally carried out a posteriori. In order...

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Within the European Chips Act, CEA-Leti is strongly committed to support the reduction of component dimensions to reach the future technological nodes (below 10 nm). To detect and account the line edge roughness becomes critical for such small dimensions since ‘the few Angstrom error’ becomes critical (several % of error) for sub-10nm devices. This PhD...

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Historically, the development of integrated circuit performance has been based on the reduction in size of individual components. The main driving force behind this miniaturization is photolithography, a key step in the semiconductor component manufacturing process. This process consists in reproducing the design of the circuits to be produced in a photosensitive resin. These complex...

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Colloidal Quantum Dots (QD) are novel building blocks for the fabrication of image sensors with high performance tunable light detection in the SWIR wavelength range but currently exhibit undesired degradation under high thermal stress. Thermal degradation can be significantly improved by optimizing the device materials (contacts, hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL) and...

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The intentional doping of lateral GaN power high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with carbon (C) impurities is a common technique to reduce buffer conductivity and increase breakdown voltage. However, this comes at the cost of increased intrinsic defects together with degraded dynamic on-resistance (Ron) and current-collapse effects. The aim of this project is compare the...

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TRNGs are the essential block of any cryptographic system. Current standards, such as AIS-31, require a stochastic model, which directly relates the model of the physical source of randomness to the entropy of the generated random bits. TRNGs are benchmarked based on their throughput, efficiency and robustness. As such, FD-SOI (Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator)...

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As part of the France 2030 Plan, hydrogen technologies and fuel cells are currently enjoying a major boom in both industry and research. Among the electrochemical systems being considered, ceramic technologies are particularly promising. Whether Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) or Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), also known as High Temperature Steam Electrolysers (HTSE), their...

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Antenna radiation control in terms of shape and polarization is a key element for future communication systems. Directive compact antennas offer new opportunities for wireless applications in terms of spatial selectivity and filtering. This leads to a reduction in electromagnetic pollution by mitigating interferences with other communication systems and reducing battery consumption in compact smart...

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Traditional public-key cryptography algorithms are considered broken when a large-scale quantum computer is successfully realized. Consequently, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the USA has launched an initiative to develop and standardize new Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms, aiming to replace established public-key mechanisms. However, the adoption of PQC algorithms in Internet of...

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Cell encapsulation in bio-polymers is a rapidly expanding field in bioproduction, encompassing organoid or spheroid maturation, drug screening, cellular therapies, and bioengineering. This thesis contributes to these applications through the multilayer encapsulation of cells in bio-polymers with a wide viscosity range. The inner layer (core) provides a more favorable environment for the maturation and survival...

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